synonyms for wealth

69+ Synonyms for “Wealth” (With Meanings, Examples, and When to Use Each)

“Wealth” is a word that seems simple on the surface, but it actually stretches across several different ideas depending on the sentence. Sometimes it means money and financial assets. Other times it refers to material possessions, abundance of resources, or even non-material things like a “wealth of knowledge” or a “wealth of experience.” Because the word covers both literal riches and figurative abundance, the right synonym depends heavily on what kind of “wealth” you’re actually describing.

People search for alternatives to “wealth” for a few common reasons. Writers want to avoid repeating the word in financial articles, essays, or business reports. Students need more precise vocabulary for economics or literature papers. Content creators want variety for SEO and readability. And some writers are specifically looking for the figurative sense of the word — a “wealth” of ideas, talent, or opportunity — rather than the financial one. This guide breaks down more than 30 real alternatives, explains what each one actually means, and shows you when it fits, so you can choose the right word instead of guessing.

Quick Answer

Common synonyms for “wealth” include riches, affluence, prosperity, fortune, abundance, opulence, assets, and means. The right choice depends on meaning: use “fortune” or “riches” for money and assets, and “abundance” or “wealth of” for a figurative sense like knowledge or resources.

Quick List: Fast Reader Section

Closest alternatives (financial sense):

  1. Riches
  2. Fortune
  3. Affluence
  4. Prosperity
  5. Opulence
  6. Assets
  7. Capital

Formal alternatives: 8. Affluence 9. Prosperity 10. Opulence 11. Means 12. Financial resources 13. Net worth 14. Estate

Neutral, everyday alternatives: 15. Money 16. Riches 17. Fortune 18. Resources 19. Property 20. Holdings

Figurative / abstract alternatives: 21. Abundance 22. Bounty 23. Wealth of (knowledge, experience, talent) 24. Richness 25. Plenty

Casual alternatives: 26. Cash 27. Loaded (adjective, describing a person) 28. Big money 29. Deep pockets

Contextual / economic alternatives: 30. Prosperity 31. Economic wellbeing 32. Financial security 33. Affluent lifestyle


Formal Alternatives

Riches

Meaning: A large amount of money, property, or valuable possessions.

Explanation: A true synonym in most contexts referring to material wealth. It carries a slightly more vivid, almost literary tone compared to the plainer word “wealth.”

Example: “The family’s riches came from three generations of successful shipping business.”

Best Use: Storytelling, historical writing, descriptions of material success.

Worst Use: Formal financial or economic reports, where more precise terms like “assets” or “net worth” are preferred.

Tone: Formal to neutral, slightly literary.

Fortune

Meaning: A large amount of money or valuable possessions, often accumulated over time or gained suddenly.

Explanation: A near synonym, often used specifically to describe a substantial, sometimes surprising, accumulation of money.

Example: “She built her fortune through a series of smart real estate investments.”

Best Use: Business writing, biography, news stories about individuals’ financial success.

Worst Use: Academic economics writing, where “capital” or “assets” is more precise and less narrative-driven.

Tone: Neutral to formal.

Affluence

Meaning: The state of having a great deal of money or material comfort.

Explanation: A true synonym for wealth in the sense of overall financial comfort and lifestyle, rather than a specific dollar amount.

Example: “The suburb is known for its affluence, with large homes and high property values.”

Best Use: Sociological writing, real estate, lifestyle journalism.

Worst Use: Casual conversation, where it can sound overly academic.

Tone: Formal.

Prosperity

Meaning: The state of being successful, especially financially; general thriving or flourishing.

Explanation: A broader expression. It implies overall success and wellbeing, not just accumulated money, which makes it slightly different from “wealth” in scope.

Example: “The region experienced decades of prosperity after the new trade agreement.”

Best Use: Economic writing, political speeches, discussions of communities or nations.

Worst Use: Describing an individual’s specific net worth or assets, where “wealth” or “fortune” is more direct.

Tone: Formal, optimistic.

Opulence

Meaning: Great wealth or luxury, often shown through lavish spending or possessions.

Explanation: A near synonym, but with a stronger emphasis on visible luxury and extravagance rather than wealth itself.

Example: “The hotel lobby was a display of pure opulence, from marble floors to gold fixtures.”

Best Use: Descriptive or literary writing, travel and lifestyle content, luxury branding.

Worst Use: Financial or economic writing, where it emphasizes display over actual net worth.

Tone: Formal, vivid, slightly dramatic.

Means

Meaning: The financial resources or income available to a person.

Explanation: A contextual alternative. It’s less about total wealth and more about what someone can afford or access financially.

Example: “He came from a family of modest means but worked his way into a successful career.”

Best Use: Biography, formal writing about someone’s financial background.

Worst Use: Describing extreme wealth or luxury, where it sounds understated.

Tone: Formal, understated.

Financial Resources

Meaning: Money and assets available for use, particularly in a business or institutional context.

Explanation: A narrower, more technical expression. It works well in professional or organizational writing but feels clinical in personal or narrative contexts.

Example: “The nonprofit lacks the financial resources to expand its programs this year.”

Best Use: Business reports, nonprofit and institutional writing, grant proposals.

Worst Use: Casual or descriptive writing about personal wealth.

Tone: Formal, technical.

Net Worth

Meaning: The total value of a person’s or company’s assets minus liabilities.

Explanation: A narrower, precise financial term. It’s not interchangeable with general “wealth” in casual writing, since it refers to a specific calculated figure.

Example: “Her net worth grew significantly after the company’s public offering.”

Best Use: Financial journalism, business analysis, personal finance writing.

Worst Use: Figurative uses of “wealth,” like a “wealth of experience,” where “net worth” makes no sense.

Tone: Formal, technical.

Estate

Meaning: All the money, property, and possessions owned by a person, especially considered together as a whole.

Explanation: A narrower expression, often used specifically in legal or inheritance contexts rather than as a general term for wealth.

Example: “The estate was divided equally among his three children.”

Best Use: Legal writing, wills, inheritance and probate documents.

Worst Use: General conversation about being wealthy, where it sounds overly formal or legalistic.

Tone: Formal, legal.


Semi-Formal & Neutral Alternatives

Semi-Formal & Neutral Alternatives
Money

Money

Meaning: A medium of exchange used to buy goods and services; often used loosely to mean wealth in general.

Explanation: A broader, more casual near synonym. It refers to currency specifically, while “wealth” can include property, investments, and other assets beyond cash.

Example: “The company has enough money to expand into new markets next year.”

Best Use: Everyday writing, general business communication, casual explanations.

Worst Use: Discussions of total wealth that include property or non-cash assets, where “money” is too narrow.

Tone: Neutral, everyday.

Resources

Meaning: Assets, money, or supplies available for use.

Explanation: A broader expression that can include wealth but also covers time, skills, and materials, depending on context.

Example: “The startup had limited resources but a strong, motivated team.”

Best Use: Business writing, project planning, nonprofit and organizational contexts.

Worst Use: Precise financial reporting, where “assets” or “capital” is clearer.

Tone: Neutral.

Property

Meaning: Land, buildings, or possessions owned by a person or organization.

Explanation: A narrower expression, focused specifically on physical or real estate assets rather than wealth as a whole.

Example: “Much of the family’s wealth is tied up in property rather than cash.”

Best Use: Real estate, legal, and financial writing about tangible assets.

Worst Use: General references to overall financial wealth, including cash and investments.

Tone: Neutral to formal.

Holdings

Meaning: Assets owned by a person or company, especially stocks, property, or investments.

Explanation: A narrower, more technical expression, commonly used in finance and investment contexts.

Example: “The investment firm’s holdings include real estate, stocks, and private equity.”

Best Use: Finance, investment reporting, business journalism.

Worst Use: Casual writing or general references to being wealthy.

Tone: Neutral, technical.

Capital

Meaning: Wealth in the form of money or assets used to generate more wealth, especially in business.

Explanation: A narrower, business-specific expression. It refers specifically to wealth used for investment or production, not personal riches in general.

Example: “The company raised enough capital to fund its next phase of growth.”

Best Use: Business, finance, economics writing.

Worst Use: Personal or narrative writing about someone’s overall wealth or lifestyle.

Tone: Neutral, formal in financial contexts.

Abundance

Meaning: A very large quantity of something, not necessarily money.

Explanation: A broader, often figurative expression. It works well for “wealth” in the sense of plenty or richness, but doesn’t always imply money specifically.

Example: “The region enjoys an abundance of natural resources, from timber to minerals.”

Best Use: Descriptive writing, environmental or resource-related content, figurative uses of “wealth.”

Worst Use: Precise financial writing, where a specific term like “assets” is clearer.

Tone: Neutral, positive.

Bounty

Meaning: A generous or plentiful supply of something good.

Explanation: A broader, figurative expression, often used poetically rather than to describe financial wealth directly.

Example: “The harvest festival celebrates the season’s bounty.”

Best Use: Descriptive, agricultural, or celebratory writing.

Worst Use: Financial or business writing about literal monetary wealth.

Tone: Neutral to formal, slightly poetic.

Richness

Meaning: The quality of being full, abundant, or valuable, often used figuratively.

Explanation: A broader, figurative alternative, especially useful when “wealth” refers to depth or quality rather than money.

Example: “The novel is admired for the richness of its characters and setting.”

Best Use: Literary criticism, cultural writing, figurative descriptions.

Worst Use: Literal financial writing about money or assets.

Tone: Neutral to formal, figurative.


Informal / Casual Alternatives

Cash

Meaning: Money in the form of coins or banknotes; used casually to mean wealth or money in general.

Example: “He’s got plenty of cash, but he still drives an old car.”

When it sounds natural: Everyday conversation, informal writing, casual descriptions of money.

When to avoid it: Formal financial writing, where more specific terms like “capital” or “assets” fit better.

Tone: Casual.

Loaded

Meaning: A slang adjective meaning very wealthy.

Example: “Everyone knew the family was loaded, but they never flaunted it.”

When it sounds natural: Casual conversation, informal storytelling.

When to avoid it: Professional, academic, or formal writing, where it sounds unprofessional.

Tone: Very casual, slang.

Big Money

Meaning: A casual phrase referring to a large amount of wealth, often gained quickly or through a specific venture.

Example: “He made big money in tech before retiring at 40.”

When it sounds natural: Informal conversation, casual business chat, social media.

When to avoid it: Formal reports or academic writing.

Tone: Casual.

Deep Pockets

Meaning: A phrase meaning someone has substantial financial resources, often used to describe an ability to fund something.

Example: “The startup needed investors with deep pockets to survive the early years.”

When it sounds natural: Business conversation, casual journalism, everyday speech.

When to avoid it: Formal legal or academic writing, where a literal term like “financial resources” is clearer.

Tone: Casual to neutral, common in business slang.


True Synonyms vs. Contextual Alternatives

TypeWhat It MeansCan It Replace the Original?
True synonymA word with nearly identical meaning in the same contextYes, usually with little or no change in meaning
Near synonymA word with a similar meaning but different tone or emphasisOften, though nuance or formality may shift
Contextual alternativeA word that only fits certain sentence types or specific senses of “wealth”Only when the intended meaning matches (e.g., “estate” for inheritance, not general riches)
Broader expressionA word covering more than money, like resources or abundance in generalSometimes, but may lose the specifically financial meaning
Narrower expressionA word covering one specific type of wealth, like property or capitalRarely a full replacement; useful for precise details

For example, “fortune” is a true synonym when describing a large sum of accumulated money, but “abundance” is only a contextual alternative — it works for a figurative “wealth of resources” but doesn’t capture the idea of personal riches on its own.


Industry-Specific Usage

Business Writing

In business writing, “capital,” “assets,” and “resources” are the most useful alternatives, since they describe wealth in terms relevant to operations and growth.

Example: “The company reinvested its capital into expanding production capacity.”

Corporate Communication

Corporate reports and shareholder communications often use “assets,” “net worth,” or “financial resources” to describe company or individual wealth with precision.

Example: “Total assets under management grew by 12% this fiscal year.”

Academic Writing

Academic and economic writing benefits from more specific terms like “affluence,” “prosperity,” or “economic wellbeing,” depending on whether the focus is on individuals or broader economic conditions.

Example: “The study examines how affluence correlates with access to healthcare in urban areas.”

Customer Service and Finance

Financial services often use “financial resources,” “means,” or “assets” when discussing a client’s wealth in a professional, respectful tone.

Example: “We’ll tailor a plan based on your financial resources and long-term goals.”

Legal Writing

In legal writing, “estate” and “assets” are the precise terms used when referring to a person’s wealth, especially in wills, trusts, and probate documents. These terms carry specific legal definitions that casual alternatives like “riches” or “fortune” do not. Always confirm exact terminology with a legal professional when drafting binding documents.

Email Communication

Professional emails about finances typically use “assets,” “resources,” or “means” rather than more casual or dramatic words like “riches” or “fortune,” which can sound out of place in a business tone.


Email Examples

Subject: Quarterly Portfolio Review

Hi Mr. Thornton,

Ahead of our meeting next week, I wanted to share that your portfolio’s total assets have grown by 8% this quarter, driven largely by strong performance in your equity holdings. I’ll walk through the details on our call.

Best regards, Angela


Subject: Estate Planning Consultation

Dear Mrs. Delgado,

Thank you for meeting with us last week. Based on our conversation, I’ve outlined a preliminary plan for distributing your estate among your beneficiaries. Please review the attached draft and share any questions.

Sincerely, James, Estate Planning Team


Subject: Nonprofit Funding Update

Hi Team,

Unfortunately, our current financial resources won’t cover the full scope of the community outreach program this year. I’d like to discuss alternative funding sources at our next meeting.

Thanks, Priya


Subject: Investment Opportunity — Series B Round

Hi Daniel,

We’re looking for investors with the capital to support our next growth phase. I’ve attached our latest financials and would love to schedule a call to discuss further.

Best, Marcus


Subject: Client Onboarding — Wealth Management Services

Dear Ms. Kwan,

Welcome aboard. Based on your financial goals and current means, we’ve put together a personalized investment strategy designed to grow your assets steadily over time.

Warm regards, Renee, Wealth Advisory Team


Subject: Academic Research Collaboration

Hi Professor Nguyen,

I’d love to collaborate on your upcoming paper about affluence and educational access. I think our combined research could offer meaningful insight into how prosperity shapes opportunity.

Best, Sofia


Subject: Company Asset Valuation Report

Hi Finance Team,

Attached is the completed valuation report covering all company holdings, including property, equipment, and intellectual property. Let me know if any figures need clarification before the board meeting.

Thanks, Oliver


Short Dialogue Examples

Workplace Person A: How are the client’s total assets looking this quarter? Person B: Strong — their net worth has grown steadily since we diversified the portfolio.

Classroom Person A: What’s the difference between “wealth” and “prosperity”? Person B: Wealth usually means accumulated money or assets, while prosperity is more about overall success and wellbeing, not just money.

Customer Service Person A: Can you help me plan based on my current financial resources? Person B: Of course — let’s start by reviewing your income, assets, and long-term goals.

Casual Conversation Person A: Did you hear they bought a second house? Person B: Yeah, they’ve definitely got deep pockets these days.

Professional Discussion Person A: How’s the estate being divided? Person B: Fairly evenly, though most of the wealth is tied up in property rather than cash.


How to Replace “Wealth” in a Sentence

Original: The country’s wealth comes mostly from oil exports. Alternative: The country’s prosperity comes mostly from oil exports. Why it works: “Prosperity” broadens the meaning slightly to include general economic wellbeing, not just accumulated money.

Original: She inherited significant wealth from her grandfather. Alternative: She inherited a significant fortune from her grandfather. Why it works: “Fortune” keeps the same meaning while adding a slightly more narrative, personal tone.

Original: The company’s wealth allows it to invest heavily in research. Alternative: The company’s capital allows it to invest heavily in research. Why it works: “Capital” is more precise in a business context, emphasizing money used for growth.

Original: He has a wealth of experience in software development. Alternative: He has an abundance of experience in software development. Why it works: “Abundance” captures the figurative meaning accurately, since this isn’t about money at all.

Original: Their wealth is mostly tied up in real estate. Alternative: Their property makes up most of their wealth. Why it works: Rephrasing with “property” clarifies exactly what kind of wealth is being discussed.

Original: The museum showcases the wealth of ancient civilizations. Alternative: The museum showcases the opulence of ancient civilizations. Why it works: “Opulence” adds a vivid, visual sense of luxury that fits well in descriptive or historical writing.

Original: The family’s wealth was built over three generations. Alternative: The family’s fortune was built over three generations. Why it works: “Fortune” fits naturally in storytelling and biography without changing the meaning.

Original: Access to healthcare often depends on a person’s wealth. Alternative: Access to healthcare often depends on a person’s financial resources. Why it works: “Financial resources” sounds more precise and appropriate for academic or policy writing.


Comparison Table

PhraseToneMeaning / ScopeBest UseExample
RichesNeutral/FormalLarge amount of money or possessionsStorytelling, history“He spent his riches on land and art.”
FortuneNeutralSubstantial accumulated wealthBusiness, biography“She built her fortune from scratch.”
AffluenceFormalOverall financial comfortSociology, lifestyle writing“The town is known for its affluence.”
ProsperityFormalGeneral success and thrivingEconomics, politics“The nation saw decades of prosperity.”
CapitalFormal/NeutralMoney used for investment or growthBusiness, finance“They raised capital for expansion.”
AssetsFormalOwned items of valueFinance, legal“Her assets include stocks and property.”
AbundanceNeutralLarge quantity, often figurativeDescriptive, figurative writing“An abundance of natural resources.”
MoneyNeutral/CasualCurrency in generalEveryday writing“They didn’t have enough money to expand.”
LoadedCasualVery wealthy (slang)Casual conversation“Her family’s loaded, but low-key about it.”
EstateFormalTotal property and possessionsLegal, inheritance“The estate was split between two heirs.”

Which Alternative Should You Choose?

Formal writing: Use “affluence,” “prosperity,” or “opulence” depending on whether you’re describing comfort, success, or visible luxury.

Business communication: Use “capital,” “assets,” or “financial resources” for precision in financial and operational contexts.

Academic writing: Use “affluence” or “prosperity” when discussing economic or sociological concepts.

Legal writing: Use “estate” or “assets,” and confirm exact legal definitions apply to your document.

Professional email: Use “assets,” “means,” or “financial resources” for a polished, precise tone.

Everyday conversation: Use “money” or “riches” for natural, relaxed phrasing.

Casual messages: Use “loaded” or “deep pockets” for a lighter, informal tone.


Grammar & Usage Guide

Countable vs. uncountable use: “Wealth” is uncountable (“a lot of wealth,” not “many wealths”). Some synonyms, like “assets” or “resources,” are typically plural, while others, like “affluence” or “prosperity,” are uncountable like “wealth” itself.

Prepositions: Common natural pairings include “wealth of,” “wealth in,” and “wealthy from.” For example: “a wealth of information,” or “he grew wealthy from smart investing.”

Figurative vs. literal use: Be careful to match your synonym to the correct sense. “Abundance” and “richness” work well for figurative wealth (knowledge, experience, resources), while “fortune” and “riches” are better suited to literal financial wealth.

Adjective forms: “Wealthy,” “affluent,” “prosperous,” and “opulent” are common adjective forms, each carrying slightly different emphasis — “affluent” leans toward lifestyle, while “opulent” leans toward visible luxury.

Common natural combinations: “Wealth of knowledge,” “personal wealth,” “national wealth,” “family wealth,” and “build wealth” are all frequently used, natural phrases worth recognizing before swapping in alternatives.


Common Mistakes to Avoid

  1. Using “abundance” or “richness” when you mean literal money. These words work best for figurative wealth, not financial assets specifically.
  2. Treating “fortune” and “capital” as interchangeable. “Capital” is business-specific and implies money used for investment, while “fortune” is broader and more personal.
  3. Using “estate” casually. It has a specific legal meaning tied to inheritance and property, not general wealth.
  4. Forgetting that “wealth” is uncountable. Avoid phrases like “many wealths”; use “sources of wealth” instead.
  5. Using slang like “loaded” in professional writing. It sounds unprofessional in reports, resumes, or formal communication.
  6. Repeating “wealth” throughout a document. Varying with “assets,” “resources,” or “affluence” keeps writing from feeling repetitive.
  7. Confusing “prosperity” with personal wealth. “Prosperity” often refers to broader success or wellbeing, not just an individual’s bank account.
  8. Ignoring formality mismatches. Using “opulence” in a casual conversation can sound overly dramatic or out of place.

When Not to Use the Original Phrase

Avoid using “wealth” directly when:

  • You need a precise financial term. “Net worth,” “assets,” or “capital” are more accurate in financial reporting.
  • You’re describing a legal concept like inheritance. “Estate” is the correct, legally recognized term.
  • The context is figurative, not financial. “Abundance” or “wealth of” phrasing works better for non-monetary richness, like knowledge or experience.
  • The tone needs to be casual. “Money” or “cash” sound more natural in relaxed, everyday writing.
  • You’ve already used “wealth” multiple times in the same paragraph. Repetition can weaken writing; alternatives add variety and precision.
  • You want to emphasize visible luxury rather than the wealth itself. “Opulence” better conveys display and extravagance.

That said, “wealth” remains the clearest, most versatile choice in most general writing, especially when you want a word that works for both financial and figurative meanings without needing further clarification.


Advanced Writer Tips

Tone Control: To sound more formal, choose “affluence,” “prosperity,” or “opulence.” To sound more casual, use “money,” “cash,” or “loaded.”

Professional Email Etiquette: Stick to precise, respectful terms like “assets,” “means,” or “financial resources” rather than casual or dramatic language, which can feel inappropriate in financial discussions.

Politeness: Words like “means” or “resources” often sound more discreet and respectful than blunt terms like “rich” or “loaded,” especially in client-facing communication.

Context Alignment: Always determine whether you mean literal financial wealth or a figurative sense of abundance before choosing a synonym — this distinction changes which words will actually make sense.

Precision: For financial or legal writing, choose specific terms like “net worth,” “assets,” or “estate” instead of the more general word “wealth.”

Readability: Simpler alternatives like “money” or “riches” often read more clearly than technical terms like “financial resources,” especially for general audiences.


Related Questions

What is another way to say “wealth”? Common alternatives include “riches,” “fortune,” “affluence,” “prosperity,” and “assets,” depending on the intended meaning.

What is a professional alternative to “wealth”? In professional writing, “assets,” “financial resources,” or “capital” typically sound more precise than the general word “wealth.”

Is “wealth” formal? “Wealth” is neutral — it works in both formal and everyday writing, which is part of why it’s used so widely across different contexts.

Can I use “abundance” instead of “wealth”? Only in figurative contexts, like a “wealth of information” or “abundance of resources.” It doesn’t work as a direct substitute for financial wealth.

What’s the difference between “wealth” and “prosperity”? “Wealth” typically refers to accumulated money or assets, while “prosperity” refers more broadly to overall success, thriving, or economic wellbeing.


FAQs

What does “wealth” mean exactly?

“Wealth” refers to a large amount of money, property, or valuable possessions. It can also be used figuratively to describe abundance, such as a “wealth of knowledge” or “wealth of experience.”

Is “riches” the same as “wealth”?

Mostly, yes. “Riches” is a near synonym often used in more narrative or literary contexts, while “wealth” is more neutral and commonly used across formal and everyday writing.

What’s a good formal synonym for “wealth”?

“Affluence” or “prosperity” work well in formal writing, depending on whether you’re focusing on personal financial comfort or broader economic success.

Can “assets” and “wealth” be used interchangeably?

Not exactly. “Assets” refers specifically to owned items of value, like property or investments, while “wealth” is a broader term that can include assets, income, and overall financial standing.

Why does context matter so much with “wealth”?

Because “wealth” can be used both literally (money and possessions) and figuratively (abundance of knowledge or experience), choosing the wrong synonym in the wrong context can create confusion or sound unnatural.

What’s the most natural casual alternative to “wealth”?

“Money” and “cash” are the most natural, widely used casual alternatives for everyday speech and informal writing.

Should I avoid using “wealth” too many times in one document?

Yes. Repetition can make writing feel flat. Mixing in alternatives like “assets,” “affluence,” or “resources” — depending on context — keeps the writing varied and precise.


Conclusion

“Wealth” is a word that carries more range than it first appears, covering everything from literal riches and financial assets to figurative abundance, like a “wealth of experience.” Because of this range, no single synonym replaces it in every sentence. “Riches,” “fortune,” and “affluence” fit situations involving actual money or material comfort, while “abundance” and “richness” work better for figurative uses that have nothing to do with finances at all.

The key to choosing the right alternative is understanding exactly what kind of wealth you’re describing before you write. A legal document calls for “estate” or “assets,” a business report calls for “capital,” and a casual conversation calls for “money” or “cash.” Formal writing benefits from more specific or technical terms, while everyday writing reads more naturally with simpler words. By paying attention to tone, audience, and precise meaning, you can replace “wealth” with confidence and keep your writing clear, accurate, and easy to read.


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